{"id":10219,"date":"2025-03-16T15:17:25","date_gmt":"2025-03-16T14:17:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/?p=10219"},"modified":"2025-03-16T15:17:42","modified_gmt":"2025-03-16T14:17:42","slug":"teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/stories\/teaching-transition\/teaching-transitions-transnational\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\/","title":{"rendered":"Transnational lesson plans: Public Memory, Dealing withe the Past, Competing Memories"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10219\" class=\"elementor elementor-10219\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;ha_cmc_init_switcher&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23c37cbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23c37cbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5720de0e\" data-id=\"5720de0e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ca8bee e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5ca8bee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3816f0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3816f0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>PUBLIC MEMORY, DEALING WITH THE PAST, COMPETING MEMORIES<\/b> <br> Examples from Bulgaria, Lithuania and Poland<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fa5d12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4fa5d12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Authors: Bistra Stoimenova, Alicja Pacewicz &amp; Aiguste Starkut\u0117<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2f0e1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a2f0e1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a7bb83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"1a7bb83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/tnp_3_public_memory_dealing_with_the_past_competing_memories.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dcf296 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5dcf296\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b49836d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b49836d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62137ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"62137ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">I. Overview<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e32778d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e32778d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The lesson focuses on issues related to public memory, dealing with the communist past, and competing memories in three countries: Bulgaria, Poland, and Lithuania. Throughout the lesson students will work with different types of sources that represent diverse perspectives and will use active methods of learning.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f788492 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f788492\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-438bfc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"438bfc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">II. Objectives<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3e98cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d3e98cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Students will be able to (this is based on the European Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a>):<\/p><ul><li>Develop their knowledge and critical understanding of the complexity of public memory, dealing with the communist past, and competing memories in society during the period of transition.<\/li><li>Analyse diverse types of historical sources and identify different viewpoints. \u2022 Discuss and express their opinions using concrete facts.<\/li><li>Develop their skills of listening and observing.<\/li><li>Develop cooperation skills.<\/li><li>Encourage civic awareness in issues of transition related to public memory of the past.<\/li><li>Value democracy and human rights.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3217273 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3217273\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0077af0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0077af0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">III. Key concepts<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eee893b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eee893b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Public memory<\/strong> \u2013 The term refers to the circulation of recollections among members of a given community. These recollections are far from being perfect records of the past; rather, they entail what we remember, the ways we frame it, and what aspects we forget. Broadly, public memory differs from official histories in that the former is more informal, diverse, and mutable where the latter is often presented as formal, singular, and stable.<\/p><p><strong>Civil society<\/strong> \u2013 Civil society is an arena of voluntary collective actions around shared interests, purposes, and values, distinct from families, state and profit seeking institutions. The term includes the full range of formal and informal organizations that are outside the state and the market \u2013 including social movements, voluntary organizations, mass-based membership organizations, faith-based groups, NGOs, and community-based organizations, as well as communities and citizens acting individually and collectively.<\/p><p><strong>Heritage<\/strong> \u2013 The term refers to features belonging to the culture of a particular society such as traditions, languages or buildings that were created in the past and still have historical importance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69847dc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"69847dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94623d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"94623d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">IV. Key question<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8e8aca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8e8aca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the post-communist period, what should we do with the buildings and monuments that were symbolic for the former communist regime?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df93753 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"df93753\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-449b309 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"449b309\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b37870b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b37870b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">VI. Step-by-step description of the lesson<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adc938b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"adc938b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b0ce72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b0ce72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Time:<\/strong> 80 minutes (2 x 40 minutes)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43c74fe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"43c74fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91b2400 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"91b2400\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ACTIVITY 1: Dealing with communist era monuments in public spaces. Ice-breaker activity on the topic of the lesson. \n(Time: 5 minutes)<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ee614b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ee614b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\ud83c\udfaf Aim:<\/strong> To introduce students to the topic of the lesson and establish what they already know of this issue.<\/p><p><strong>\ud83d\uddd2\ufe0f Description:<\/strong> Brainstorming with students<\/p><p>Ask the students if they have heard about communist-era monuments in public spaces; are they still there or have they been demolished? Do they know about street names or public buildings which have been renamed?<\/p><p>If students cannot identify any such cases or can recall only a few individual examples, encourage them to search online. You may also want to display a few photos yourself on the interactive whiteboard. Work together to identify examples of such architectonic objects and places in different spots on local, national, and international levels.<\/p><p>Explain to the students that the debate on the legitimacy of monuments and names from the past is not limited to post-communist countries. Over recent years, such controversies, and conflicts, over symbols of the past have taken place in many countries, including the United States of America, Great Britain and other former colonial empires \u2013 with different outcomes. Many monuments are torn down, some of them are destroyed, or transformed and moved to special places such as themed museums and parks or, at the very least, new inscriptions have been added to them explaining these historic figures or events from a different, critical perspective.<\/p><p>You can ask the students to read short descriptive articles on this process (at home), or to summarize the key points and answer one of the questions on which the lesson focuses; in light of all these arguments, should the monuments to controversial historical figures or events be removed, or is this doing a disservice to history, making us victims of it rather than subjects who can understand and engage with it? The teacher can use as additional materials the paper <strong>\u201cMonuments to historical figures should remain\u201d<\/strong><a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05c6b38 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"05c6b38\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d5a938 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d5a938\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ACTIVITY 2: Demolition or rebranding? Working with historical sources\n(Time: 35 minutes)<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acb6598 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"acb6598\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\ud83c\udfaf Aim:<\/strong> To extract information from historical sources, analysing them critically and constructing arguments for a debate on what should happen to communist heritage in the post-communist period.<\/p><p><strong>\ud83d\uddd2\ufe0f Description:<\/strong> The class is split into small groups of 3-4 students. Each group works for 35 minutes with historical sources and learns about cases from Bulgaria, Lithuania, and Poland <a href=\"#worksheet1\">(see APPENDIX \u2013 WORKSHEETS 1-3)<\/a>. Students\u2019 groups are analysing those sources looking for answers to the key question of the worksheet: in the post-communist period, what should happen to buildings which were symbolic for the communist regime? The examples from these three countries offer them arguments for both demolishing and rebranding. Students working in smaller groups should develop their arguments based on specific sources.<\/p><p><strong>Note:<\/strong> The annex provides material from Bulgaria, Lithuania, and Poland. You can contextualize the learning materials and use similar activities\/questions to analyse the heritage of the communist regime in your respective countries. Students can also search the web looking for public opinion polls and opinions from their own countries. Regardless of the national and cultural context, debates on \u201cdemolishing vs rebranding\u201d were always controversial. The public strategies used by authorities in each case were also similar.<\/p><p>For <em>Worksheet 1 (Bulgaria)<\/em> \u2013 Possible tasks and questions (for source 2):<\/p><ol><li>Discuss the photo of the mausoleum and the comments on it.<\/li><li>Cluster the opinions that people shared about the photo into two groups: positive and negative.<\/li><\/ol><p><strong>OR <\/strong><\/p><ol><li>What opinions are there on the photo of the mausoleum?<\/li><li>How did people react?<\/li><li>Which comments are more common: positive or negative?<\/li><li>What do you think of this photo?<\/li><\/ol><p><strong>Possible tasks and questions (source 3 and 4):<\/strong><\/p><ol><li>Present the source: type, author, time of creation, topic.<\/li><li>How is the demolition of the mausoleum presented? Find specific words and phrases in the text.<\/li><li>What is the author\u2019s attitude to the event described?\u00a0<\/li><li>What do people remember about this mausoleum?<\/li><\/ol><p><strong> Possible tasks and questions (source 5):<\/strong><\/p><ol><li>Find words and expressions in the text that reflect the changes in people\u2019s attitudes towards the mausoleum. Underline them once.<\/li><li>What possible solutions for handling the mausoleum can you find in the written source? Underline them twice.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b2f862 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0b2f862\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-459c63f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"459c63f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ACTIVITY 3: Is communist heritage worth preserving? Discussion\n(Time: 40 minutes)<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aacb81c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aacb81c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\ud83c\udfaf Aim:<\/strong> To understand the complexity of public memory when dealing with the communist past and competing memories in society in the post-communist period.<\/p><p><strong>\ud83d\uddd2\ufe0f Description:<\/strong> As a continuation of the previous activity (2), split the class into pairs. Give the students 10 minutes to discuss in pairs the overall question: is it important to preserve public memory of the heritage of the communist regime after 1989?<\/p><p>Gather as a class and discuss their opinions for 20 minutes. Emphasize the persistence of public memory when dealing with the communist regime and the existence of competing memories in post-communist times.<\/p><p>To encourage participation, teachers can use the \u201cFour corners\u201d strategy. This strategy provides a structure in which students present their viewpoint about a statement or claim. Every member of the class takes part and gives their opinion in the discussion which follows. It can be used several times in a lesson to show changing opinions as more knowledge is gained. It can help students to think through and justify their opinions before a written task. The basic strategy:<\/p><ul><li>Identify the four corners of the classroom as \u2018strongly disagree\u2019, \u2018disagree, \u2018agree\u2019, \u2018strongly agree\u2019.<\/li><li>Give students a statement or assertion and ask them to go to the corner that reflects their viewpoint. Some students may stand between corners and that is OK. It is likely that students will automatically introduce nuance by standing between corners. Do not discourage this but ask students to articulate their thoughts.<\/li><li>Ask students to explain the reasoning for their choice of position. Give all students a chance to shift if they are persuaded by others\u2019 arguments.<\/li><li>By articulating their reasoning and hearing the arguments of others, students are able to deepen and broaden their discussion of topics. Students from each corner can respectfully question and challenge the views of those in other corners.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Additional information for teachers:<\/strong><\/p><p><strong> Bulgaria:<\/strong> Teachers can use the following video materials on the topic of the lesson:<\/p><p>1) Episode 1: Symbols of power: the Mausoleum, State Security and Fear (in Bulgarian, with English subtitles)<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a>. A short film about the Mausoleum with writer Georgi Gospodinov.<\/p><p>2) In the footsteps of a revolution (the whole tour)<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/p><p><strong> Lithuania:<\/strong> <strong>The case of Lithuania \u2013 Gr\u016btas park<\/strong><\/p><p>Monuments from the Soviet era can be treated in different ways. After the restoration of independence in Lithuania, various Soviet sculptures and monuments, especially those depicting communist political figures, began to be rapidly destroyed. The dismantled monuments were abandoned in warehouses, basements, and garages, as no formal procedure was established for the storage of such monuments and there was no clear decision on what to do with such sculptures; whether to demolish them or rebrand them. Some people, especially those who experienced Soviet repression, wanted all the sculptures representing socialist ideology to be destroyed. They feared that preserving such sculptures and monuments might lead to their use in communist nostalgia and propaganda. These people believe that socialist sculptures should not be considered works of art, but only as useless relics of an unpleasant past. For them, the demolition of all monuments marks their liberation from a hated system. Another group of people wanted Soviet monuments to be preserved, kept in a museum, and used as source for teaching history. Formal monuments might still have the status of cultural objects, so destroying them would not have been so straightforward.<\/p><p>In 1998, the Ministry of Culture announced a tender for an exhibition of dismantled Soviet-era monumental sculptures. It was won by a public institution run by a local businessman, Viliumas Malinauskas. During the Soviet era, Malinauskas worked as the chairman of a collective farm. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, he established a successful mushroom and berry business. According to Malinauskas, he never belonged to the Communist Party and did not support the Soviet regime. The idea to establish a park of socialist sculptures \u2013 an open-air museum \u2013 came to him when he saw the head of a Lenin sculpture lying on the ground in the yard of an art factory in Vilnius. 20 hectares of swampy forest by the village of Gr\u016btas was dedicated to the Open-Air Museum of Socialist Sculptures. It is located near the resort of Druskininkai and 125 km from the Lithuanian capital, Vilnius. Preparations for the exhibition started in 1999. The park was officially opened in 2001 and features about 100 different sculptures.<\/p><p>The aim of Gr\u016btas Park is to preserve icons of Soviet ideology and reveal their negative roles. These socialist monuments, removed from their original context, no longer look as majestic as they did before and allow visitors to see works of Soviet propaganda in a different light. However, the Gr\u016btas Park Museum still has an ambivalent reception in Lithuania. Even though the museum is successful and visited by many tourists from all over the world, people who wanted these socialist sculptures to be destroyed criticise the Gr\u016btas Park Museum. They argue that the crimes of the people immortalized in the monuments are not visible in the way those socialist sculptures are exhibited. For them the establishment of Gr\u016btas Park represents a restoration of these Soviet monuments. They believe the Park may encourage nostalgia for rather than rejection of these Soviet monuments and the ideology they represent. As a result, these socialist monuments still perform an ideological function even after the collapse of the system. Young people who have not experienced the Soviet era or foreigners from the West cannot understand the concept of the museum as they do not know the whole context and they perceive Gr\u016btas Park as a museum of Soviet relics, as entertainment rather than a space for education. Thus, removing socialist sculptures and installing them in an open-air museum could be seen as a way to commemorate the socialist past, as well as a questionable means of attracting tourists, rather than a way of reflecting the difficulty of the past experiences they represent.<\/p><p><strong>Poland:<\/strong><\/p><p>A debate about the material traces of the communist regime in public spaces has been held in Poland as well. Numerous monuments were destroyed, immediately following 1989, as unwanted symbols of the totalitarian regime. This was the fate of the monument to Feliks Dzier\u017cy\u0144ski, a Polish communist and one of Lenin\u2019s close collaborators. This statue was located on one of the main squares in Warsaw. It was demolished and replaced later by the sculpture of a romantic poet, Juliusz S\u0142owacki.<\/p><p>At its demolition in November 1989, which became a symbolic public event, Varsovians cheered when the statue of \u201cbloody Felix\u201d, having lost its head, fell onto the pavement.<\/p><p>Until recently there were still hundreds of communist monuments standing in Polish towns. Such monuments were meant to be removed under the special Decommunization Act which was passed in 2016. This Act was intended to remove the communist names of roads, streets, bridges, and squares. In 2017, the Polish parliament adopted an amendment, extending decommunization to include, inter alia, monuments, obelisks, sculptures, statues, stones, and commemorative plaques. Local governments had until the end of March 2018 to remove them, after which local governments (voivodes) would undertake the process of dismantling this communist era infrastructure.<\/p><p>Many monuments were demolished or removed during that time, very often despite opposition from some parts of the public or representatives of local leftwing parties. Most often such statues were not destroyed but transferred to other places, like themed museums or open-air ethnographic museums, such as the Museum of the Polish People\u2019s Republic (PPR) in Silesia.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a> The \u201crelics of the PPR\u201d from Strzelce Kraje\u0144skie were removed and will find a place in an open-air ethnographic museum in the Surm\u00f3wka, in the Warmian-Masurian region, north of Poland.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/p><p>More information for monuments in Poland: Project \u201cMonuments of Remembrance 1918-2018\u201d.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-072c67b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"072c67b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae10953 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ae10953\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e54c82d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e54c82d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">APPENDIX<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bf358a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bf358a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"worksheet1\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>WORKSHEET 1 \u2013 BULGARIA<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d50d828 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d50d828\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"AppendixA\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>SYMBOLS OF THE COMMUNIST REGIME AFTER 1989: DEMOLITION OR REBRANDING<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u2753 Key question:<\/strong> In the post-communist period, what should we do with the buildings and monuments that were symbolic for the former communist regime?<\/p><ul><li><strong>The Mausoleum (the Georgi Dimitrov Mausoleum) in Sofia, Bulgaria<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p><em><strong>1. Chronology<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f284b69 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f284b69\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b53580 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2b53580\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"758\" src=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.25.27-768x758.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10222\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.25.27-768x758.png 768w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.25.27-300x296.png 300w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.25.27-1024x1010.png 1024w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.25.27.png 1364w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fbca91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2fbca91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>2. Social media and opinions on the Georgi Dimitrov Mausoleum, February 2021. Photo of the mausoleum published on Facebook with comments.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-491b798 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"491b798\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74665c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"74665c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"498\" src=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.27.24-768x498.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10224\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.27.24-768x498.png 768w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.27.24-300x194.png 300w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.27.24-1024x663.png 1024w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.27.24-1536x995.png 1536w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.27.24.png 1772w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afaedc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"afaedc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Credits: FOTO:Fortepan \/ AR, under a CC BY-SA 3.0 license via Wikimedia Commons.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49e6065 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"49e6065\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"491\" src=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.28.33-768x491.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10226\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.28.33-768x491.png 768w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.28.33-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.28.33-1024x654.png 1024w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.28.33-1536x981.png 1536w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.28.33.png 1706w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4caae83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4caae83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Selection of comments: <\/strong><\/p><p>\u2013 It could be a museum. Demolishing it doesn\u2019t mean that history has changed.<\/p><p>\u2013 The biggest national traitor, Gosho the Plank [Georgi Dimitrov], who gave the Aegean Sea coast to the Greek communists, made presents to Western parts [of Bulgaria, since 1919 they are in Serbia] to Tito and ideologue of the macedonism.<\/p><p>\u2013 It is not true! This is the Leader and Teacher of the Bulgarian people!<\/p><p>\u2013 And where is the mummy?<\/p><p>\u2013 I was four years old, and my granny knew that they will destroy the building and we went there to see him. It was so cold inside this tomb.<\/p><p>\u2013 It could be a wonderful sightseeing destination for tourists.<\/p><p>\u2013 This should be a museum of communism and it will be full of tourists 24\/7 wanting to give their money and see the idiocy of the recent past.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da36b13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da36b13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>3. Demolition of Georgi Dimitrov mausoleum, 27 August 1999.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba42ea1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ba42ea1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"578\" src=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.31.01-768x578.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10228\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.31.01-768x578.png 768w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.31.01-300x226.png 300w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.31.01-1024x771.png 1024w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.31.01.png 1422w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f56a1a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f56a1a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">See at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vcgN2n_BTTY\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vcgN2n_BTTY<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50ee039 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"50ee039\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>4. Goodbye, Mausoleum!<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f834e37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f834e37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>On a suffocating day at the end of August 1999, a group of people have climbed a tribune erected on the square opposite the mausoleum \u2013 ministers, deputies, journalists, public figures, in short, the \u201ccr\u00e8me de la cr\u00e8me\u201d of Sofia. One strange detail: everyone has opened umbrellas, black or coloured.<\/p><p>The mausoleum will be demolished today. The spectators wait impatiently, but when the signal is given, they stretch out solemnly. The explosion raises a dense cloud of dust. The audience begins to get excited:<\/p><p>\u201cImpressive!\u201d <br \/>\u201cThey overdid it!\u201d <br \/>\u201cGood thing we were warned to get umbrellas.\u201d<\/p><p>The smoke dissipates and the mausoleum emerges from it. Untouched. A crack between two granite slabs. It will take several days and several explosions, excavators, cranes, and trucks to demolish the building and remove the wreckage. It looked like it was under construction.<\/p><p>Should the mausoleum have been preserved and turned into a monument to communism? With or without graffiti? I do not know. But as they tore it down, I felt the burden of the regime. I felt how long and painful it would be to destroy the reflexes he had bequeathed to us. Only the visible part of the mausoleum disappeared; the foundations and underground corridors remained, like tough roots embedded in the ground. [\u2026]<\/p><p>In the place where the mausoleum once stood, the third millennium (after 2001) threw a handful of sequins: cafes and advertising umbrellas.<\/p><p>Several years passed and the mausoleum was forgotten.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee0c5fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee0c5fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rouja Lazarova*, Mausol\u00e9e. Paris, Flammarion, 2009, pp. 211-212.<\/p><p><em>* Rouja Lazarova (born 1968) is a Bulgarian French language writer who has lived in Paris since 1991. She has written several novels and plays.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-754fb67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"754fb67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>5. National debate on the Mausoleum<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b14e0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8b14e0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The decision to destroy the Dimitrov Mausoleum was taken after a heated national debate.<\/p><p>The former leader was embalmed and interred in the building in 1949. Mr. Dimitrov\u2019s body was removed from the mausoleum and cremated in 1990, a year after the collapse of communism in Bulgaria.<\/p><p>The fate of the empty building remained a thorny issue.<\/p><p>While ministers said that the mausoleum was an obstacle to redeveloping the capital, some political opponents alleged that the plan was pure politicking ahead of local elections.<\/p><p>One opinion poll found that about two-thirds of the population disapproved of demolition and wanted the monument preserved.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3aef4f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3aef4f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BBC News, World: Europe Communist bastion finally crumbles, 27 August 1999.<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/431854.stm\">http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/431854.stm<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c04771f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c04771f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u2753 OVERALL QUESTION:<br \/>WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO PRESERVE THE HERITAGE OF THE COMMUNIST REGIME IN PUBLIC MEMORY AFTER 1989?<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6086391 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6086391\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbd52f5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fbd52f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37466ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37466ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"worksheet2\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>WORKSHEET 2 \u2013 LITHUANIA<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-915eb9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"915eb9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>THE CASE OF LITHUANIA \u2013 GR\u016aTAS PARK<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u2753 Key question:<\/strong> Key question: In the post-communist period, what should happen to the buildings and monuments that were symbolic for the former communist regime?<\/p><ul><li><strong>Lenin monument in the forest Gr\u016btas Park. This monument used to stand on a high pedestal in the city centre of Vilnius.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0d404c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c0d404c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e225c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7e225c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.45.10-r2y3w7ukv2tvirv833dvamsoo2q4xaky17866j2kn4.png\" title=\"Screenshot 2025-03-16 at 14.45.10\" alt=\"Screenshot 2025-03-16 at 14.45.10\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-273a957 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"273a957\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Source: personal archive (Aiguste Starkut\u0117)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbaef8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dbaef8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>1.\u00a0More about Viliumas Malinauskas<\/strong><\/p><p>Viliumas Malinauskas is a local businessman based near the spa town of Druskininkai. During the Soviet era, Malinauskas worked as the chairman of the collective farm, but after the collapse of Soviet Union, he founded a successful mushroom and berry business. According to Malinauskas, he never belonged to the Communist Party and did not support the Soviet regime. The idea to establish a park of socialist sculptures \u2013 an open-air museum \u2013 came to him when he saw the head of a Lenin sculpture lying on the ground in the yard of an art factory in Vilnius.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7f5b3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b7f5b3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>2. Gr\u016btas Park, South Lithuania<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c46a06c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c46a06c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-101ec81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"101ec81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"438\" src=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.47.44-768x438.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10232\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.47.44-768x438.png 768w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.47.44-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.47.44-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.47.44.png 1426w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0984c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d0984c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>See at: <a href=\"http:\/\/grutoparkas.lt\/en_US\/\">http:\/\/grutoparkas.lt\/en_US\/<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71c98e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71c98e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>3. Discussion over the concept of the museum Gr\u016btas Park<\/strong><\/p><p>The Gr\u016btas Park Museum still has an ambivalent reception in Lithuania. Even though the museum is successful and visited by many tourists from all over the world, some people, mainly former political prisoners, deportees, and dissidents, want these socialist sculptures to be destroyed and criticise the Gr\u016btas Park Museum. Later they were joined by famous academics such as historian Edvardas Gudavi\u010dius, linguist and politician Zigmas Zinkevi\u010dius, architect Eduardas Budreika, mathematician Bronius Grigelionis and others. The critics of Gr\u016btas park argue that the way those socialist sculptures are displayed doesn\u2019t reflect the crimes of the people immortalized in the monuments. For them, the establishment of the Gr\u016btas Park exhibition equals the restoration of the Soviet monuments. They believe the Park may encourage nostalgia for, rather than rejection of, these Soviet monuments and the ideology they represent. As a result, these socialist monuments still perform an ideological function even after the collapse of the system. \u201cGr\u016btas Park is already the focus of the humiliation and opposition of many Lithuanians [\u2026] The historical memory created in Gr\u016btas park is immoral,\u201d wrote the dissident and Archbishop of Kaunas, Sigitas Tamkevi\u010dius, in a letter to the Parliament, Prime Minister and the President. Young people who have not experienced the Soviet era or foreigners from the West cannot understand the concept of the museum as they do not know the whole context and they perceive Gr\u016btas Park as a museum of Soviet relics, as entertainment rather than a space for education. As the researcher Malcolm Miles has observed, \u201cthe extent to which the park, with its restaurant and play area, and even a small zoo in plain sight of the signs of power (including a deportation train parked at the site entrance), offers a full day of family entertainment, denotes its appropriation by the tourist industry.\u201d Thus, removing socialist sculptures and installing them in an open-air museum could be seen as a way to commemorate the socialist past, as well as a questionable means of attracting tourists, rather than a way of reflecting the difficulty of the past experiences they represent.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef63bff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef63bff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>4. Re-writing history?<\/strong><\/p><p>Historian and broadcaster, Professor Mary Beard, contends that instead of tearing down memorials to controversial figures, it is \u201cmore important [\u2026] to look history in the eye and reflect on our awkward relationship to it\u2026not to simply photoshop the nasty bits out.\u201d In a similar vein, some are cautious about the idea of subjecting historical figures to modern standards of moral judgement, and question what good removing a statue of Rhodes will do in a practical sense, as: \u201cRhodes cannot be expunged from the history of Oxford, Britain and South Africa.\u201d<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>9<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3160f28 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3160f28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ec7eab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0ec7eab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ce1a40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ce1a40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>WORKSHEET 3 \u2013 POLAND<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-122f046 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"122f046\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u2753 Key question:<\/strong> In the post-communist period, what should we do with the buildings and monuments that were symbolic for the former communist regime?<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f8ebb5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f8ebb5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bdcba2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6bdcba2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>1. A legal framework for dismantling communist monuments in Poland<\/strong><\/p><p>According to the provisions of the Act of April 1, 2016, on the prohibition of the promotion of communism or other totalitarian systems, the names of buildings, facilities, and public utilities as well as monuments, may not commemorate people, organizations, events, or dates symbolizing communism or other totalitarian systems. The monuments referring to persons, organizations, events, or dates symbolizing the repressive, authoritarian, and non-sovereign system of power in Poland in the years 1944\u20131989 are to be removed by 2018. The word \u201cmonument\u201d also includes mounds, obelisks, columns, sculptures, statues, busts, commemorative stones, commemorative plaques and plaques, inscriptions and signs. In particular this act applies to monuments dedicated to:<\/p><ul><li>The Red Army, including the so-called monuments of gratitude, brotherhood, and Soviet partisans.<\/li><li>Activists of the Polish Workers\u2019 Party.<\/li><li>The People\u2019s Guard\/People\u2019s Army.<\/li><li>The fight against the Polish Independence Underground after 1944 by the institutions of the Polish People\u2019s Republic (PPR) and the USSR.<\/li><li>To functionaries of the PPR or communist activists from other countries.<\/li><li>The Communist Party of Poland.<\/li><li>Commemorating the construction of buildings on the occasion of an anniversary of the PPR.<\/li><\/ul><p>The Act does not apply to monuments not displayed for public view; located in cemeteries or other resting places; exposed to the public as part of artistic, educational, collector\u2019s, scientific or similar activities, for purposes other than promoting the totalitarian system; entered \u2013 independently or as part of a larger whole \u2013 in the register of monuments.<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>10<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f96e6d8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f96e6d8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c5611e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c5611e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>2. Dismantling the monument in Strzelcach Kraje\u0144skich, 23 March 2019 <\/strong><\/p><p>The \u201crelics of the Polish People\u2019s Republic\u201d from Strzelce Kraje\u0144skie were demolished and will find a place in an open-air ethnographic museum in Surm\u00f3wka, in the Warmian-Masurian region, north of Poland.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cda5e8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5cda5e8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16f813b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"16f813b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"570\" src=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.58.20-768x570.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10234\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.58.20-768x570.png 768w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.58.20-300x222.png 300w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.58.20-1024x759.png 1024w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.58.20.png 1308w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a88480 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a88480\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>See at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=osWFEqbMdKE&amp;t=48s\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=osWFEqbMdKE&amp;t=48s<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a86fb3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a86fb3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>3. Monument to the Soviet-Polish Brotherhood of Arms, Warsaw<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4ecb2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a4ecb2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.59.49-r2y4jrp03n2if1nok9vcroughmn7sa2txro5245gqo.png\" title=\"Screenshot 2025-03-16 at 14.59.49\" alt=\"Screenshot 2025-03-16 at 14.59.49\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ce22b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ce22b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Photo by Cezary Piwowarski, under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license via Wikimedia Commons. Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3IR61JD\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3IR61JD<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b92b76b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b92b76b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>4. Museum to the PPR in Silesia<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4338d6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4338d6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"699\" src=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.59.59-768x699.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10238\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.59.59-768x699.png 768w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.59.59-300x273.png 300w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.59.59-1024x932.png 1024w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.59.59-1536x1398.png 1536w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-14.59.59.png 1806w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5febaca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5febaca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><i>See at: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.muzeumprl-u.pl\/index.php?id=111\">http:\/\/www.muzeumprl-u.pl\/index.php?id=111<\/a><\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-208e193 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"208e193\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>5. Division amongst historians<\/strong><\/p><p>There are two schools of historians in Poland: the first says that such monuments, as evidence of history, should not be removed. The second allows for the possibility of finding more suitable places for such traces of the past. The monument is, of course, a trace of history and deserves respect. Monuments must not be demolished, but this does not mean that they must be accepted indiscriminately. Zygmunt Wo\u017cniczka, a historian from Silesia said in a debate on a monument in Zabrze: \u201cSo let\u2019s start with who built this monument in the 1980s? It was decided by politicians. It was an expression of the policy implemented at that time, that is, the promotion of friendship and alliance with the Soviet Union. Removing such a souvenir from the city centre is not distorting history. On the contrary. Of course, this is a picture of those times, but it is a false picture. The content of such obelisks not only does not have much to do with the truth, but also does not fit in any way with the traditional Silesian or Zabrze. For many inhabitants of the city or region, they can be even offensive. The Red Army soldiers do not associate them with liberation and brotherhood in arms, but with a plundered and burnt city, with rapes and deportations to the East. With the Upper Silesian Tragedy, which definitely deserves more commemoration in Zabrze.\u201d Pawe\u0142 Czechowski from an online Histmag portal has a slightly different opinion on a similar monument in Czelad\u017a, also a Silesian town: \u201cWould I handcuff it, destroy it, annihilate it? Have we razed the Auschwitz camp to the ground, or have we made it a sad and painful, but also important place of remembrance of these terrible times? The same should be done with monuments \u2013 a good solution is to add plaques explaining the historical context in which the monuments are placed. Then, instead of a pile of rubble, we have an important lesson that a given monument was not an expression of social enthusiasm but, for example, something imposed from above by the regime.\u201d<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>11<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7f1ad8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7f1ad8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>6. In defence of monuments<\/strong><\/p><p>Despite the Decommunization Act, today many traces of the communist times can still be found all over the country, such as the Monument to the Revolutionary Deed which towers over the city of Rzesz\u00f3w in South-East Poland. It is almost 40 metres high and includes the figures of a peasant, soldier, and worker with the banner of the revolution. Due to its communist connotations, it should no longer be there after March 2018. However, it is still standing, like other monuments in city centres. In Rzesz\u00f3w, the city authorities want the monument to be preserved and are trying to include it in the register of historic monuments. In turn, in the case of the Rzesz\u00f3w Monument of Gratitude to the Red Army, the court overruled the opinion of the Institute of National Remembrance, and the mayor of the town stated that the monument is one of the most famous and recognizable buildings in Rzesz\u00f3w and should remain \u201cas a testimony to the history of the city.\u201d It is not the only big city with a monument commemorating the past regime.<\/p><p>In Olsztyn, you can still see the monument to the Liberation of the Warmian- Masurian Land, commonly known as the gallows, and in the centre of D\u0105browa G\u00f3rnicza there is a monument to the Heroes of the Red Banners, and at the Citadel in Pozna\u0144 there is a 23-metre obelisk dedicated to the heroes of the Red Army. The monument in Olsztyn has been in the register of historical monuments since 1993. The Red Banners in D\u0105browa G\u00f3rnicza will also be preserved, as local government and most of the inhabitants want to keep it as a \u201csymbol of the city\u201d.<br \/><em>Source: Alicja Pacewicz<\/em><\/p><p><strong>Monument to the Revolutionary Deed, Project \u201cMonuments of Remembrance 1918-2018\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd52133 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dd52133\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"443\" src=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-15.06.29-768x443.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10240\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-15.06.29-768x443.png 768w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-15.06.29-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-15.06.29-1024x590.png 1024w, https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/screenshot-2025-03-16-at-15.06.29.png 1422w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-243f47b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"243f47b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">See at: <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3pPlWRl\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3pPlWRl<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afcee36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"afcee36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>6. Debate on controversial historical figures and their monuments<\/strong><\/p><p>For supporters, the Rhodes Must Fall campaign, \u201coperates on the premise that these present discrepancies are rooted in history, and the present and the past must, together, be critically engaged with.\u201d However, a number of critics have begun to express concern at campaigns to \u2019whitewash\u2019 history, with columnist Matthew D\u2019Ancona arguing that: \u201cThere is a modernist urge to wipe away the past and replace it with the new, but we should resist it.\u201d At its heart, the debate is about our relationship with history, and whether removing statues and monuments has a role to play in reappraising historic wrongs, or whether they encourage us to airbrush out difficult and contentious parts of our history, rather than engage with and understand them. Should monuments to controversial historical figures remain?<a href=\"#footnotes\"><sup>12<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38a563e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"38a563e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-375be11 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"375be11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6745343 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6745343\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42258c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42258c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"footnotes\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Footnotes<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5833c8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5833c8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li class=\"p1\">Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/reference-framework-of-competences-for-democraticculture\">https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/reference-framework-of-competences-for-democraticculture<\/a><\/li><li>Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/debatingmatters.com\/topic\/monuments-to-historical-figures-shouldremain\/\">https:\/\/debatingmatters.com\/topic\/monuments-to-historical-figures-shouldremain\/<\/a><\/li><li>Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lfVHihyDH8w&amp;list=PLfLx3lDPtE3Lpgbo4K0p-4E5T3_e7U6yj&amp;index=2\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lfVHihyDH8w&amp;list=PLfLx3lDPtE3Lpgbo4K0p- 4E5T3_e7U6yj&amp;index=1 (approx. min 2:00 to 6:30)<\/a><\/li><li>Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ik9J0Zb7Tnk&amp;list=PLfLx3lDPtE3Lpgbo4K0p-4E5T3_e7U6yj&amp;index=5\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ik9J0Zb7Tnk&amp;list=PLfLx3lDPtE3Lpgbo4K0p- 4E5T3_e7U6yj&amp;index=4<\/a><\/li><li>More information available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/minionaepoka.pl\/index.php?id=55\">http:\/\/www.muzeumprl-u.pl\/index.php?id=55 (in Polish)<\/a><\/li><li>Video available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/zachod.pl\/559622\/strzelce-pomniki-relikty-prl-u-rozebrane\/\">https:\/\/zachod.pl\/559622\/strzelce-pomniki-relikty-prl-u-rozebrane\/ (in Polish)<\/a><\/li><li>See at: <a href=\"http:\/\/monuments-remembrance.eu\/en\/o-projekcie-3\">http:\/\/monuments-remembrance.eu\/en\/o-projekcie-3<\/a><\/li><li>Jura\u0161ien\u0117 J. (2016): Ambivalenti\u0161kumo problema Gr\u016bto parke. Atvejo studija (baigiamasis magistro darbas), [\u2018The problem of ambivalence in Gr\u016btas Park. Case study (master\u2019s thesis)\u2019],Vilniaus Dail\u0117s akademija, p.37; Miles M. (2007): \u2018Appropriating the ex-Cold War\u2019. In: Art History &amp; Criticism, no. 3, p.173. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdu.lt\/cris\/handle\/20.500.12259\/33635\">https:\/\/www.vdu.lt\/cris\/handle\/20.500.12259\/33635<\/a><\/li><li>Debating Matters: Monuments to historical figures should remain. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/debatingmatters.com\/topic\/monuments-to-historical-figures-should-remain\/\">https:\/\/ debatingmatters.com\/topic\/monuments-to-historical-figures-should-remain\/<\/a><\/li><li>Institute of National Remembrance: \u2018Dekomunizacja pomnik\u00f3w\u2019 [\u2018Decimmunization of monuments\u2019]. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/archiwum.ipn.gov.pl\/pl\/upamietnianie\/dekomunizacja\/dekomunizacja-pomnikow\/45390,Komunikat-w-sprawie-usuwania-z-przestrzeni-publicznej-pomnikow-propagujacych-kom.html\">https:\/\/ipn.gov.pl\/pl\/upamietnianie\/dekomunizacja\/dekomunizacjapomnikow\/ 45390,Komunikat-w-sprawie-usuwania-z-przestrzeni-publicznej-pomnikowpropagujacych- kom.html<\/a><\/li><li>Histomag (2017): \u2018Go\u0144 z pomnika&#8230; wszystkich naraz. Jak \u015bwiat opanowa\u0142a wojna na pomniki\u2019 [\u2018Chase the monument &#8230; all at once. How the world was taken over by the war on monuments\u2019]. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/histmag.org\/Gon-z-pomnika...-wszystkich-naraz.-Jak-swiat-opanowala-wojna-na-pomniki-15730\">https:\/\/histmag.org\/Gon-z-pomnika&#8230;-wszystkich-naraz.-Jak-swiatopanowala- wojna-na-pomniki-15730<\/a><\/li><li>Debating Matters: Monuments to historical figures should remain. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/debatingmatters.com\/topic\/monuments-to-historical-figures-should-remain\/\">https:\/\/debatingmatters.com\/topic\/monuments-to-historical-figures-should-remain\/<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PUBLIC MEMORY, DEALING WITH THE PAST, COMPETING MEMORIES Examples from Bulgaria, Lithuania and Poland Authors: Bistra Stoimenova, Alicja Pacewicz &amp; Aiguste Starkut\u0117 Download PDF I. Overview The lesson focuses on issues related to public memory, dealing with the communist past, and competing memories in three countries: Bulgaria, Poland, and Lithuania. Throughout the lesson students will [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":8533,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[193],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10219","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teaching-transitions-transnational"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Transnational lesson plans: Public Memory, Dealing withe the Past, Competing Memories - Transition Dialogue<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Transition Dialogue, Mapping a Generation in Transition\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/stories\/teaching-transition\/teaching-transitions-transnational\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Transnational lesson plans: Public Memory, Dealing withe the Past, Competing Memories - Transition Dialogue\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Transition Dialogue, Mapping a Generation in Transition\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/stories\/teaching-transition\/teaching-transitions-transnational\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Transition Dialogue\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-03-16T14:17:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-16T14:17:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/thumbnail_image001-2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"959\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"zimovie41\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"zimovie41\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"24 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/stories\\\/teaching-transition\\\/teaching-transitions-transnational\\\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/stories\\\/teaching-transition\\\/teaching-transitions-transnational\\\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"zimovie41\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/1de61786504010f924378e26a7dc6b65\"},\"headline\":\"Transnational lesson plans: Public Memory, Dealing withe the Past, Competing Memories\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-16T14:17:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-16T14:17:42+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/stories\\\/teaching-transition\\\/teaching-transitions-transnational\\\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":5062,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/stories\\\/teaching-transition\\\/teaching-transitions-transnational\\\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/thumbnail_image001-2.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Teaching Transitions \u2013 Transnational\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/stories\\\/teaching-transition\\\/teaching-transitions-transnational\\\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/stories\\\/teaching-transition\\\/teaching-transitions-transnational\\\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\\\/\",\"name\":\"Transnational lesson plans: Public Memory, Dealing withe the Past, Competing Memories - Transition Dialogue\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/stories\\\/teaching-transition\\\/teaching-transitions-transnational\\\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/stories\\\/teaching-transition\\\/teaching-transitions-transnational\\\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/thumbnail_image001-2.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-16T14:17:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-16T14:17:42+00:00\",\"description\":\"Transition Dialogue, Mapping a Generation in Transition\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/stories\\\/teaching-transition\\\/teaching-transitions-transnational\\\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/stories\\\/teaching-transition\\\/teaching-transitions-transnational\\\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/stories\\\/teaching-transition\\\/teaching-transitions-transnational\\\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/thumbnail_image001-2.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/thumbnail_image001-2.jpg\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":959},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/stories\\\/teaching-transition\\\/teaching-transitions-transnational\\\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Transnational lesson plans: Public Memory, Dealing withe the Past, Competing Memories\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/\",\"name\":\"Transition Dialogue\",\"description\":\"Dealing with change in democratic ways\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"DRA, Perspektive hoch drei, PH3, 3rd perspective East Germany\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/11\\\/SofiaPlatform_Logo_Vec_Jul19_90107_Final_4.2.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/11\\\/SofiaPlatform_Logo_Vec_Jul19_90107_Final_4.2.png\",\"width\":3544,\"height\":980,\"caption\":\"DRA, Perspektive hoch drei, PH3, 3rd perspective East Germany\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/1de61786504010f924378e26a7dc6b65\",\"name\":\"zimovie41\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/aea7cf0db23ce0026984b2288525c9c5832e17537b631731a37b01670805e2c9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/aea7cf0db23ce0026984b2288525c9c5832e17537b631731a37b01670805e2c9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/aea7cf0db23ce0026984b2288525c9c5832e17537b631731a37b01670805e2c9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"zimovie41\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/transition-dialogue.org\\\/ru\\\/author\\\/zimovie41\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Transnational lesson plans: Public Memory, Dealing withe the Past, Competing Memories - Transition Dialogue","description":"Transition Dialogue, Mapping a Generation in Transition","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/stories\/teaching-transition\/teaching-transitions-transnational\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\/","og_locale":"ru_RU","og_type":"article","og_title":"Transnational lesson plans: Public Memory, Dealing withe the Past, Competing Memories - Transition Dialogue","og_description":"Transition Dialogue, Mapping a Generation in Transition","og_url":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/stories\/teaching-transition\/teaching-transitions-transnational\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\/","og_site_name":"Transition Dialogue","article_published_time":"2025-03-16T14:17:25+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-03-16T14:17:42+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1280,"height":959,"url":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/thumbnail_image001-2.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"zimovie41","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c":"zimovie41","\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f":"24 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/stories\/teaching-transition\/teaching-transitions-transnational\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/stories\/teaching-transition\/teaching-transitions-transnational\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\/"},"author":{"name":"zimovie41","@id":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/#\/schema\/person\/1de61786504010f924378e26a7dc6b65"},"headline":"Transnational lesson plans: Public Memory, Dealing withe the Past, Competing Memories","datePublished":"2025-03-16T14:17:25+00:00","dateModified":"2025-03-16T14:17:42+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/stories\/teaching-transition\/teaching-transitions-transnational\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\/"},"wordCount":5062,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/stories\/teaching-transition\/teaching-transitions-transnational\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/thumbnail_image001-2.jpg","articleSection":["Teaching Transitions \u2013 Transnational"],"inLanguage":"ru-RU"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/stories\/teaching-transition\/teaching-transitions-transnational\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\/","url":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/stories\/teaching-transition\/teaching-transitions-transnational\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\/","name":"Transnational lesson plans: Public Memory, Dealing withe the Past, Competing Memories - Transition Dialogue","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/stories\/teaching-transition\/teaching-transitions-transnational\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/stories\/teaching-transition\/teaching-transitions-transnational\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/thumbnail_image001-2.jpg","datePublished":"2025-03-16T14:17:25+00:00","dateModified":"2025-03-16T14:17:42+00:00","description":"Transition Dialogue, Mapping a Generation in Transition","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/stories\/teaching-transition\/teaching-transitions-transnational\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ru-RU","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/stories\/teaching-transition\/teaching-transitions-transnational\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ru-RU","@id":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/stories\/teaching-transition\/teaching-transitions-transnational\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/thumbnail_image001-2.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/thumbnail_image001-2.jpg","width":1280,"height":959},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/stories\/teaching-transition\/teaching-transitions-transnational\/teaching-transition-transnational-public-memory\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Transnational lesson plans: Public Memory, Dealing withe the Past, Competing Memories"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/#website","url":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/","name":"Transition Dialogue","description":"Dealing with change in democratic ways","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ru-RU"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/#organization","name":"DRA, Perspektive hoch drei, PH3, 3rd perspective East Germany","url":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ru-RU","@id":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/SofiaPlatform_Logo_Vec_Jul19_90107_Final_4.2.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/SofiaPlatform_Logo_Vec_Jul19_90107_Final_4.2.png","width":3544,"height":980,"caption":"DRA, Perspektive hoch drei, PH3, 3rd perspective East Germany"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/#\/schema\/person\/1de61786504010f924378e26a7dc6b65","name":"zimovie41","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ru-RU","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/aea7cf0db23ce0026984b2288525c9c5832e17537b631731a37b01670805e2c9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/aea7cf0db23ce0026984b2288525c9c5832e17537b631731a37b01670805e2c9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/aea7cf0db23ce0026984b2288525c9c5832e17537b631731a37b01670805e2c9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"zimovie41"},"url":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/author\/zimovie41\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10219","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10219"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10219\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10252,"href":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10219\/revisions\/10252"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10219"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transition-dialogue.org\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}